To govern is to make subjects believe’: anticlericalism, politics and power, c1680-1717’

References

See M. de Certeau ‘The formality of practices’ in The Writing of History (Columbia UP, 1988) 155. For their thoughts and reactions to this piece I would like to thank Margaret Jacob and Nicholas Tyacke.
See ‘Some Memorials of the Reverend Mr Samuel Johnson; communicated in a Letter to a Friend, by one of his Intimate Acquaintance’ in The Works of the Late Reverend Mr Samuel Johnson (Second Edition, London, 1713) iii-iv. See for a more recent account, M. Zook ‘Early Whig Ideology, Ancient Constitutionalism, and the Reverend Samuel Johnson’ Journal of British Studies 32 (1993) 139-165.
See M. Goldie ‘The Roots of True Whiggism 1688-94’ History of Political Thought 1 (1980) 195-236, esp. 199.
The Works of the Late Reverend Mr Samuel Johnson 151.
Ibid viii.
Ibid xi.
See J. Wickham Legg ‘The degradation in 1686 of the Rev. Samuel Johnson’ EHR 29 (1914) 723-742, at 726.
‘Some Memorials’ xi.
See J. Wickham Legg ‘The degradation in 1686 of the Rev. Samuel Johnson’ EHR 29 (1914) for a transcription of the process of degradation, esp. 739-40.
‘Some Memorials’ ix, xi; EHR (1914) 741-2.
‘Some Memorials’ xii-xiii.
‘Some Memorials’ ix-x.
EHR (1914) 742 citing the opinion of the proctor-general of the Arches, Richard Newcourt.
On Johnson’s contributions see M. Goldie ‘The Revolution of 1689 and the structure of Political Argument. An essay and an annotated Bibliography of pamphlets on the Allegiance controversy’ Bulletin of Research in the Humanities 83 (1980) 473-564.
J.C.D. Clark English Society 1688-1832 (Cambridge, 1985) 302.
See N. Sykes ‘Benjamin Hoadly, Bishop of Bangor’ in F.J.C. Hearnshaw (ed) The Social and Political Ideas of some English Thinkers of the Augustan Age (1928) 112-156, citing (at 120) Historical Manuscripts Commission Egmont Mss I 444.
The best account is P.B. Hessert ‘The Bangorian Controversy’ (Edinburgh University PhD, 1951). See also H. D. Rack ‘ “Christ’s Kingdom not of this World”: the case of Benjamin Hoadly versus William Law reconsidered’ Studies in Church History 12 (1975) 275-91.
Cited in Hessert ‘Bangorian Controversy’ 68. (Works II 404).
Synodolia II ‘A Representation of the Lower House of Convocation about the Bishop of Bangor’s sermon of the Kingdom of Christ’ 829.
Sykes’ Benjamin Hoadly’ 143.
See ‘The Church in Danger’ 1709 [reproduced in Holmes Sachaverell, from Magdalan College, Oxford]; ‘Guess att my Meaning’ 1709 [BMC 1503]; M.D. George English Political Caricature to 1792 (Oxford, 1959) points out that (at 68) a later print ‘The Apparition’ [BMC 1569] also represents a Low Church library with many of the same volumes.
For an understanding of how even ‘orthodoxy’ was not a fixed point see J.G.A. Pocock ‘Within the margins: definitions of orthodoxy’ in R. Lund (ed) The Margins of Orthodoxy (Cambridge, 1995).
Cited in Clark English Society 147 fn 129.
R. Nelson A Companion for the Festivals and Fasts of the Church of England (1798) Preface x.
R. Nelson A Companion 481, 482-3, 487-90, 520-530.
Nelson, cited by R. Cornwall (78) in Visible and Apostolic. The Constitution of the Church in High Church Anglican and Non-Juror Thought (Delaware, 1993).
Cornwall passim.
Nelson Visibile and Apostolic 483.
See A.M.C. Waterman ‘The nexus between theology and political doctrine’ in K. Haakonssen (ed) Enlightenment and Religion. Rational Dissent in Eighteenth century England (Cambridge, 1996) pp. 193-218, at p.205.
A.G. Dickens ‘The Shape of Anti-clericalism and the English Reformation’ 379.
See C. Hill The Economic Problems of the Church (Oxford, 1956)
See E.J. Evans ‘Some reasons for the growth of English Rural Anti-clericalism c.1750-c.1830’ Past and Present 66 (1975) 84-109.
See J. Morrill ‘The attack on the Church of England in the Long Parliament, 1640-1642’ 105-124.
See J. Maclear ‘Popular anticlericalism in the Puritan Revolution’ JHI 17 (1956) 443-470.
See Morrill, 117-119; Maclear, 460.
For a corrective see M.A. Goldie ‘Priestcraft and the birth of Whiggism’ in N. Phillison, Q. Skinner (eds.) Political Discourse in Early modern Britain (Cambridge, 1993) 209-231; and Champion Pillars of priestcraft shaken.
See D. Beaver ‘Religion, politics and society in Early Modern England: a problem of classification’ Journal of British Studies 32 (1993) 314-22.
See in particular Walsh, Taylor, Heydon (eds) The Church of England pp. 8-10.
See K. V. Thomas ‘Cases of Conscience in seventeenth century England’ in J. Morrill, P. Slack, D. Woolf (eds) Public duty and private conscience in seventeenth century England (Oxford, 1993) pp. 29-56.
See P. Harvey ‘The problem of social-political obligation for the Church of England in the seventeenth century’ Church History 40 (1971) 156-169.
See B.S. Stewart 'The Cult of the Royal Martyr' Church History 38 (1969) 175-187, and H.W. Randell 'The Rise and fall of a martyrology: Sermons on Charles I' HLQ 10 (1947) 135-167.
Bennett Tory Crisis in Church and State, 140.
M.A. Goldie ‘Danby, the Bishops and the Whigs’ in T. Harris et al (eds) The politics of religion in Restoration England (Blackwells, 1990); Professor Miller suggested this in a seminar communication of his reaserch on Norfolk in the 1670s in the Institute of Historical Research.
Goldie ‘Danby, the Bishops and the Whigs’ 98.
H. Care English Liberties 93
H. Care Weekly Pacquet of Advice from Rome III no.46 April 22nd (1681) 368.
Poems on Affairs of State [hereafter as POAS] 2 An Historical Poem (1680) 157.
POAS II 11, 347, 353, 370: POAS III 11, 19, 72, 95.
See W. Speck Tory and Whig (1970) 24-9; W.Speck, W.A. Grey ‘Computer analysis of Poll Books: an initial report’ BIHR 43 (1970) 105-112, and W. Speck, W.A. Grey, R. Hopkinson ‘‘Computer analysis of Poll Books: a further report’ BIHR 48 (1975) 68-79.
M. Ransome ‘Church and Dissent in the election of 1710’ EHR 56 (1941) 76-89 at 80.
J. Oldmixon The History of Addresses vol II (1711) [HOP transcripts] 143.
Cited in G.A. Holmes Transcripts 396 [now in the possession of the History of Parliament] The Flying Post Nov. 2-4 (1710). Many thanks and acknowledgement to Dr Stuart Handley for allowing me access to this material.
Holmes Transcripts 417 [HOP].
See P. Langford ‘Convocation and the Tory Clergy, 1717-61’ in E. Cruikshanks, J. Black (ed) The Jacobite Challenge (Edinburgh, 1988) 107-122.
See J.A.W. Gunn Beyond Liberty and Property. The process of self recognition in eighteenth century political thought (McGill, 1983) 140.
See Bennett Tory Crisis 125-140.
See R.Ashcraft, M.M. Goldsmith ‘Locke, Revolution Principles, and the formation of Whig Ideology’ HJ 26 (1983) 773-800 at 776-77.
Ellis The Medley 151.
See H. Dickinson ‘The eighteenth century debate on the ‘Glorious Revolution’ History 61 (1976) 28-45 esp. 33-35.
The Perils of False Brethren, both in Church and State (1709) 19-21.
Trial 4, 24.
Trial 32.
Ibid 37-8.
Ibid 61, 75.
Ibid 99-100, 106, 110, 114.
Ibid 119, 121, 125.
Ibid 156, 161-173, 185-194, 206.
Sachaverell, cited from (217-230) a series of heretical works. These were later published seperately, to the disgust of Whig MPs who ordered the volume burnt.
Ibid 215, 223.
Ibid 243-46.
Ibid 251, 257.
Ibid 114-115.
Ibid 115.
Ibid 116.
Ibid 246.
See W. Speck’s edition of F.F. Madan’s Bibliography of Sachaverell (1977)
Ellis Examiner-Medley 28 Dec 1710 The Examiner No. 22 128
Ibid 156
Ellis 400; Ransome EHR 56 (1941) 80
On Sachaverell’s bibliographical collection, its publication and burning. Speck [237] Collection of Passages refered to by Dr Henry Sachaverell (1710); reprinted in A. Boyer The History of the Reign of Queen Anne (1710) Appendix 137-170.
See POAS VII 440, The Merciful Judgements of High Church Triumphant on Offending Clergymen and Others, in the reign of Charles I. (1710). The writings of these high church precursors of Sachaverell were also republished with commentaries, see Speck Bibliography of Sachaverell.
For a full bibliographical description see G. Carabelli Tolandiana (Florence, 1977) 151-2
Interestingly the title page of the second edition also included a scriptural citation from James 3. 5-6, ‘Behold, how great a matter a little fire kindleth! The Tongue is a fire, a world of iniquity, which setteth on fire the Course of Nature, and is set on fire of Hell’.
So for example he inserted material about the mob attack on Burges’ Chapel, and similar riotous behaviour in Wolverhampton and Barnstaple 95-6, 104-6.
See 305 on ‘blasphemous books’.
Mr Toland’s Reflections 9, 11, 12.
Jacobitism, Perjury and Popery 3, 4-6, 8-10, 11, 13, 14, 15.
Mr Toland’s Reflections 13.
An Appeal to Honest People 2, 4-5, 11, 14, 36-7, 38, 42-7, 56, 57.
For an early essay exploring the diversity and sophistication of party propaganda see, W. Speck ‘Political propaganda in Augustan England’ TRHS (1972) 17-32
A. Maynwaring Four Letters to a Friend in North Britain Upon the Publishing the Tryal of Dr Sachaverell (1710) 6-8, 9-10, 11, 18.
See Collection of Addresses (1710) Preface.
See HOP transcript, noting that the Northants, Exeter, and Abingdon addresses used Sachaverell style arguments.
Speck Bibliography [1112]
See J.A. Guy ‘The Henrician Age’ in J.A.G. Pocock (ed) The varieties of British political thought, 1500-1800 (Cambridge, 1993) 13-46.