Motivations and Response to Crusades in the Aegean: c.1300-1350

Mike Carr

(2011)

Mike Carr (2011) Motivations and Response to Crusades in the Aegean: c.1300-1350.

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Abstract

This thesis examines the interaction between the conflicting ideologies of crusade and commerce, during the period when the Turkish maritime emirates of Anatolia became the primary target of western crusading endeavour. Through the close study of papal documents and archival evidence from the Italian mercantile republics, two principal areas are focussed on: firstly, the extent to which the temporal and spiritual mechanisms (e.g. trade licences and indulgences) introduced by the popes of the fourteenth century encouraged the Italian mercantile republics to participate in a crusade; secondly, the analysis of the policies of commercial exchange and military opposition adopted by the Latin states with regard to the Turks in the Aegean. The crusades in the Aegean are discussed in six chapters which broadly reflect the activities of the principal participants: 1) crusade negotiations during the pontificates of Clement V and John XXII: distractions to an Aegean crusade under Clement V; extrication from French influence under John XXII; gradual replacement of Byzantium as a target of the Aegean crusades during the 1320s; and the temporal and spiritual concessions granted by the popes to those Latin resisting the Turks in the Aegean; 2) the Zaccaria of Chios: their defence of the Aegean from Turkish attacks and the privileges they received from the papacy for this; 3) Venetian commercial activities in the Aegean: their alliances with and activities against the various Turkish emirates; 4) the 1334 naval league: the first anti-Turkish coalition; 5) the neglect of the Aegean crusades under Pope Benedict XII (1335-1342); 6) the Crusade of Smyrna and the climax of Latin efforts against the Turks in the first half of the fourteenth century (1343-1351). Although trade and crusade have often been regarded as incompatible by historians of the crusades (such as Stephen Runciman and Aziz Atiya), they both formed an integral, and inseparable, aspect of crusade policy and of western perceptions of the Turks.

Information about this Version

This is a Accepted version
This version's date is: 01/09/2011
This item is not peer reviewed

Link to this Version

https://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/f4760b91-8e95-3c01-6f50-b8658e7e57f4/1/

Item TypeThesis (Doctoral)
TitleMotivations and Response to Crusades in the Aegean: c.1300-1350
AuthorsCarr, Mike
Uncontrolled KeywordsMedieval History; crusades; Byzantine History
DepartmentsFaculty of History and Social Science\History

Deposited by () on 12-Sep-2011 in Royal Holloway Research Online.Last modified on 15-Feb-2017

Notes

(C) Mike Carr whose permission to mount this version for private research and study is acknowledged.

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